Getting Started
The patent system rewards clear, detailed disclosure. Before filing, applicants should confirm the invention is novel, non-obvious, and useful, then review the foundational materials that frame every application.
For a walkthrough of the basics — what protects what, who may file, and what examiners look for — see the Patent Basics page.
Types of Patent Applications
Three principal application types cover the vast majority of filings. Each is examined against a distinct set of statutory requirements.
Design Patent
Protects the new, original, and ornamental design for an article of manufacture.
Plant Patent
Available for anyone who invents or discovers and asexually reproduces a distinct and new variety of plant.
Utility Patent
Covers any new, useful, and non-obvious process, machine, manufacture, or composition of matter.
Classification & Prosecution Highway
Cooperative Patent Classification (CPC)
The joint EPO–USPTO classification scheme that organises invention disclosures into searchable technology domains.
Patent Prosecution Highway (PPH)
A framework that lets applicants accelerate examination by leveraging work products from participating offices.
Appeals & Post-Grant Review
Disputes over patentability, claim scope, and validity are heard through a defined institutional structure. The Patent Trial and Appeal Board resolves appeals from examiners and conducts inter partes and post-grant review trials under the America Invents Act (AIA).
Procedures, decisions, and roundtables are cataloged at PTAB.
Reference: The America Invents Act (AIA) reshaped U.S. patent practice and introduced new trial formats handled at the Board.
Maintenance obligations form an ongoing responsibility after a utility patent is granted, shaping how long the inventor retains enforceable rights. Fees are typically due at staggered milestones measured in years from issuance, and missed payments can lead to lapse or require a separate restoration procedure. Paying on time preserves the patent against future challenges and keeps the underlying protection commercially meaningful throughout the life of the invention itself.
Continuing applications allow applicants to revisit an existing disclosure and pursue refined or additional claims without starting over. This pathway is valuable when earlier claims were narrowed during prosecution or when new prior art surfaces after grant. It offers flexibility to adapt protection to evolving product roadmaps, while still relying on the original filing date for many purposes and considerations.
Reissue applications address errors that may have narrowed a patent more than necessary or otherwise failed to capture what the inventor intended. Through this mechanism, claims can be broadened, corrected, or refined within statutory limits. The process encourages careful self-examination and accountability, helping ensure that the final recorded document accurately reflects the contribution claimed by the original disclosure.
Post-grant practice sits alongside the underlying registration process as part of broader intellectual property management. Together, maintenance fees, continuation filings, and reissue requests form a toolkit that supports long-term strategy, from initial assignment and licensing decisions through later stages of commercialization. Understanding how these tools interact helps align day-to-day filings with wider business and innovation goals.
Maintenance & Continuing Filings
Issued utility patents require periodic maintenance fees at set intervals to remain enforceable. Applicants also file continuing applications, requests for continued examination, and reissue applications to refine or restore patent rights over the life of the invention.
Fee amounts and payment methods are documented on the Fees page.
Common post-grant filings
| Filing | Purpose |
|---|---|
| Maintenance Fee | Paid at 3.5, 7.5, and 11.5 years to keep the patent in force. |
| Continuing Application | Pursues additional claims from the same disclosure. |
| Reissue Application | Corrects an error in an issued patent. |
| Request for Continued Examination | Reopens prosecution after a final office action. |